MODERN WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
There are many different types of water purification technology available in the market. Water purifiers range from simple water filters to advanced purifiers using membrane technology for water filtration followed by disinfection with UV rays.Here are some commonly used water purification technologies.
R.O. TECHNOLOGY:-
R.O. means reverse osmosis. R.O. is the world's best water purification technology. RO uses membrane technology to remove dissolved salts, impurities and germs from the water. If you're looking for a water filter that will provide outstanding drinking water for your home , you should consider reverse osmosis. In simple words reverse osmosis works as water forced across a semi-permeable membrane, leaving contaminants behind that.
HOW R.O. WORKS?
The holes or pores of an RO membrane, through which water is filtered, is so small, that it traps not only the smallest of bacteria or virus but also blocks chemical molecules like salts or minerals. The hole size of RO membranes is0.0005 micron which is so small that no impurities can pass through it.
Here is a list of some common impurities molecule and their size.
NAME SIZE
BACTERIA 0.4-1.0 MICRON
VIRUS 0.2-0.4 MICRON
ULTRA FILTRATION PORE 0.01 MICRON
PESTISIDE MOLECULE 0.001 MICRON
SFA SALT MOLECULE 0.0007 MICRON
R.O. PORES 0.0005 MICRON
A pump is used in RO purifiers and water passed through the RO membrane with high pressure. The membrane size is just a little bit larger than the water molecule. So only water is passed through, other part is thrown away.100% of dirty water do not pass through the membrane only 50% of water is passed away through membrane left 50% is flashed out with the impurities.
WHERE R.O. SHOULD BE USED?
RO can purify seawater and make it drinkable. Where the TDS of water is too high there RO is a must need. It can also reuse dirty wasted water.
DISADVANTAGES OF RO:-
There are mainly three disadvantages
ELECTRICITY REQUIRED:- As RO needs water pressure a pump is required and electricity is required to run the pump
ALMOST NO TDS, ACIDIC & TASTELESS WATER:- As RO membranes are too fine, only water can pass through it. The required Minarales for our body also get purified. So the TDS of water is almost nil. As minerals are important for our body, Ro fails to supply those minerals. As all dissolved solids are purified water gets little bit acidic and totally tasteless. But it is not as much acidic as to make critical problems. You may suffer from acidity.
ANNUAL MAINTAINANCE:- RO needs a fixed annual investment. the ro filters are required to change annually because they became blocked with the impurities and water flow rate become too low.
U.F. PURIFIERS:-
Full form of UF is ultra filtration system. This is also a membrane base purification system but the membrane size of UF is much bigger than RO. The membrane of UF can not remove the dissolved salts from water.
HOW U.F. WORK?
Working principle of UF purifiers is similar to the water absorption process of trees. The water is passed through UF membranes and macro-organisms get filtered. No water pressure is required to purify the water in this system, so no pump or electricity is required in this system.
ADVANTAGES OF U.F. FILTRATION:-
WORK WITHOUT ELECTRICITY:- The big advantage of UF purifiers is it does not require electricity because it does not need any water pressure
ACTUALLY, REMOVE GEARMS FROM THE WATER:- Even if UV purifiers kill the germs but their body remains inside the water. But UF purifiers actually remove the germs from the water.
BETTER THAN BOIL WATER:- In boiled water germs and their eggs remain in the water, while UF actually removes that organism.
NO NEED OF ANNUAL MAINTENANCE:- A unique manual flashing system drains out all blocked germs and dirt which keeps UF purifiers in top condition for many years.
FAIL-SAFE:- UF membranes are very tough and will not break if there is a hight amount of pressure or a large quantity of dirt is accumulated. So it will never pass dirty water.
It is only good for use with public supply water or well, pond, river, rainwater. Where you are absolutely sure that the dissolved solids (TDS) are within limit and that it contains no toxic dissolved impurities, as UF can not purify these impurities.
. UV water purifiers use Ultra violet rays to destroy all germs in the water. This is the most cost-effective way of protecting residential drinking water against biological contaminants.UV purification system can be used to protecting against the water-born virus, bacteria, moulds, and pathogenic disease-causing micro-organisms such as giardia and cryptosporidium.
Another advantage of UV water filter is it does not destroy necessary minerals from the water. The taste of water remains constant and TDS also remains the same.
U.V. works if the water is almost clear and TDS is in the limit, it does not work for muddy water or water with a lot sediment.
another problem of UV is as UV rays are invisible to the naked eye, we can not understand easily if the UV lamp is still working or need to be replaced.
It is only good for use with public supply water or well, pond, river, rainwater. Where you are absolutely sure that the dissolved solids (TDS) are within limit and that it contains no toxic dissolved impurities, as UV can not purify these impurities.
These are the most popular water purification technology used in water purification in modern days. Although there are some more technologies for water purification which are explained below briefly.
This water purifier uses activated carbon filters for the purification process. The carbon filters remove chemicals like chlorine, pesticides and impurities to a great extent. The filtration changes the taste and odour of water, It does not require electricity for operation. But it is also not very effective in removing microbes from water.
ACTUALLY, REMOVE GEARMS FROM THE WATER:- Even if UV purifiers kill the germs but their body remains inside the water. But UF purifiers actually remove the germs from the water.
BETTER THAN BOIL WATER:- In boiled water germs and their eggs remain in the water, while UF actually removes that organism.
NO NEED OF ANNUAL MAINTENANCE:- A unique manual flashing system drains out all blocked germs and dirt which keeps UF purifiers in top condition for many years.
FAIL-SAFE:- UF membranes are very tough and will not break if there is a hight amount of pressure or a large quantity of dirt is accumulated. So it will never pass dirty water.
DISADVANTAGES OF UF PURIFIERS:-
The main disadvantage of UF purifiers is it does not reduce the TDS of water.WHERE UF SHOULD BE USED?
It is only good for use with public supply water or well, pond, river, rainwater. Where you are absolutely sure that the dissolved solids (TDS) are within limit and that it contains no toxic dissolved impurities, as UF can not purify these impurities.
ULTRAVIOLET WATER PURIFIERS ( U.V.).
. UV water purifiers use Ultra violet rays to destroy all germs in the water. This is the most cost-effective way of protecting residential drinking water against biological contaminants.UV purification system can be used to protecting against the water-born virus, bacteria, moulds, and pathogenic disease-causing micro-organisms such as giardia and cryptosporidium.
HOW U .V. WATER PURIFIERS WORK?
At a certain intensity, UV light emits enough radiation to kill the DNA in bacteria and other microorganisms. An ultraviolet purification system contains a UV tube through which water is passed, UV rays of 254 nanometers is emitted from UV source and focused on the UV tube. These UV rays killed all the bacteria of water passing through the UV tube. Electricity is required to power up the UV lamp. The UV radiation is so effective that it can kill 99.99% germsADVANTAGE OF UV WATER PURIFIERS:-
One of the biggest advantages of using UV purifiers is that it is very cost-effective at killing a majority of the harmful microbes associated with most common water born illness. The Energy consumption of such devices is also low. These devices consume energy as much as a 60-watt bulb.Another advantage of UV water filter is it does not destroy necessary minerals from the water. The taste of water remains constant and TDS also remains the same.
DISADVANTAGE OF UV:-
The main disadvantage of using a UV water purifiers is, it needs electricity to the operator. Which is a challenge in developing countries where electricity is not readily available?U.V. works if the water is almost clear and TDS is in the limit, it does not work for muddy water or water with a lot sediment.
another problem of UV is as UV rays are invisible to the naked eye, we can not understand easily if the UV lamp is still working or need to be replaced.
WHERE SHOULD UV BE USED?
It is only good for use with public supply water or well, pond, river, rainwater. Where you are absolutely sure that the dissolved solids (TDS) are within limit and that it contains no toxic dissolved impurities, as UV can not purify these impurities.
These are the most popular water purification technology used in water purification in modern days. Although there are some more technologies for water purification which are explained below briefly.
CANDLE FILTER PURIFIER:-
Water purifiers with candle type filter have a very basic operating mechanism. The candle has very minute pores. Any particle which has a size larger than the pores gets blocked out and cannot pass on to the clean side. It does not require any electricity for operation. But the downside is that it fails to block microbes and so water still needs to be boiled before consumption. Also, the candle needs to be cleaned up frequently for effective operations.
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER PURIFIER.
This water purifier uses activated carbon filters for the purification process. The carbon filters remove chemicals like chlorine, pesticides and impurities to a great extent. The filtration changes the taste and odour of water, It does not require electricity for operation. But it is also not very effective in removing microbes from water.
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