ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

HI,

MY SELF SURYA SARATHI PAHARI,

TODAY I WILL DISCUSS DEFINITION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

SO LET'S START

DEFINITION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.

MEANING OF A.I.:

A.I. IS TRADITIONALLY REFERS TO AN ARTIFICIAL CREATION OF HUMAN LIKE INTELLIGENCE THAT CAN LEARN, REASON, PLAN OR PROCESS NATURAL LANGUAGE. THIS THING ALLOW IMMENSEly SOCIO-ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, WHILE ALSO POISING ETHICAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES.

NOW THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE FOR AI IS, AS IT IS A INTERNET ENABLED TECHNOLOGY, SO CREATE AN INTERNET THAT PEOPLE CAN TRUST.

WHAT IS AI:-

BACK IN the 1950'S, THE FATHERS OF FIELD MINSKY AND MC CARTHY DESCRIBED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS ANY TASK PERFORMED BY A PROGRAM OR A MACHINE THAT, IF A HUMAN CARRIED OUT THE SAME ACTIVITY. THAT OBVIOUSLY IS A FAIRLY BROAD DEFINITION, WHICH IS WHY YOU WILL SOMETIMES SEE ARGUMENTS OVER WHETHER SOMETHING IS TRULY AI OR NOT.

WE CAN DESCRIBE AI AS PLANNING, LEARNING, REASONING, PROBLEM-SOLVING, KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION, PERCEPTION, MOTION, MANIPULATION AND, TO A LESSER EXTENT, SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVITY.

CURRENT USES OF AI:

ALTHOUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE EVOKES THOUGHTS OF SCIENCE FICTIONS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ALREADY HAS MANY USES TODAY,
FOR EXAMPLE:-

1.EMAIL FILTERING:-EMAIL SERVICES USE AI TO FILTER INCOMING EMAILS. USERS CAN ALSO TRAIN THEIR SPAM FILTER BY MARKING AN EMAIL AS SPAM.

2.PERSONALIZATION:-ONLINE SERVICES USE INTELLIGENCE TO PERSONALIZE YOUR EXPERIENCE. SERVICES LIKE AMAZON FLIPKART, NETFLIX, FROM YOUR PREVIOUS PURCHASE AND THE PURCHASES FROM OTHER USERS to CREATE RECOMMENDED RELEVANT CONTENT FOR YOU.

3.FRAUD DETECTION:-BANKS USE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO DETERMINE IF THERE IS ANY KIND OF SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY IN YOUR ACCOUNT, SUCH AS FOREIGN TRANSACTIONS, COULD BE FLAGGED BY THE ALGORITHMS.

4. SPEECH RECOGNITION:- APPLICATIONS USES AI TO OPTIMISE SPEECH RECOGNITION FUNCTION. EXAMPLES INCLUDES INTELLIGENT PERSONAL ASSISTANT LIKE GOOGLE ASSISTANT FOR ANDROID SIRI FOR APPLE AND CORTANA FOR WINDOWS.

5. HOME AUTOMATION:- AI IS ALSO USED FOR HOME AUTOMATION TO CONTROL IOT DEVICES. WHICH IS A VAST POPULAR USE OF AI. SMART HOME, SMART LIGHT SMART FAN SMART TV AND OTHER SMART DEVICES ARE CONTROLLED BY USING AI.

6. MANUFACTURING PROCESS:- AI ARE USED IN LARGE SCALE IN FACTORIES AND PRODUCTION HOUSE SUCH THAT CAR FACTORY.METAL MI AND REFINERY, PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. AI ROBOTS ARE USED TO GET THE JOB DONE. THIS AI BOTS ARE REPLACING THE NEEDS OF MANPOWER.

7. DRIVERLESS CAR:-NOW A DAYS DRIVERLESS CARS ARE BEING POPULAR WHICH USES AI AS THE DRIVER.AI VISUALISATION TECHNOLOGY IS USED TOR DETECT TRAFFIC AND DRIVE THE CAR PROPERLY.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF A.I.:-

AT A VERY HIGH-LEVEL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO TYPES.

1. NARROW A.I.

2.GENERAL A.I.

NARROW AI:-

NARROW AI IS WHAT WE SEE ALL AROUND US IN COMPUTERS TODAY. INTELLIGENT SYSTEM THAT HAS BEEN TAUGHT TO LEARN HOW TO CARRY OUT SOME SPECIFIC TASKS WITHOUT PROGRAMMED IT TO DO SO.

THIS TYPE OF MACHINE INTELLIGENCE IS EVIDENT IN THE SPEECH AND LANGUAGE RECOGNITION OF SIRI VIRTUAL ASSISTANT ON THE APPLE PHONE AND GOOGLE ASSISTANT, CORTANA IN ANDROID AND WINDOWS.

IN THE VISION RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF SELF DRIVING CARS, AUTOPILOT MODE OF aircraft.

IN RECOMMENDATION ENGINES THAT SUGGEST PRODUCTS YOU MIGHT LIKE BASED ON WHAT YOU PREVIOUSLY BOUGHT. FLIPKART AMAZON USES THIS SYSTEM.

UNLIKE HUMAN, THESE SYSTEMS CAN ONLY LEARN OR BE TAUGHT HOW TO DO SPECIFIC TASKS, WHICH IS WHY THEY ARE CALLED NARROW AI.

WHAT CAN A NARROW AI DO?

THERE is VAST APPLICATION OF NARROW AI. INTERPRETING VIDEO FEEDS FROM DRONES CARRYING OUT VISUAL INSPECTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS OIL PIPELINES. ORGANISING PERSONAL AND BUSINESS CALENDAR. RESPONDING TO SIMPLE CUSTOMER SERVICE QUESTIONS, CO-ORDINATING WITH OTHER A.I. LIKE BOOKING AN APPOINTMENT, RAILWAY RESERVATION, FLIGHT RESERVATION, DETECTING WEAR AND TEAR IN ELEVATORS FROM DATA GATHERED BY IOT DEVICES AND SO ON.

GENERAL A.I.:-

ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE IS VERY DIFFERENT AND THE TYPE OF ADAPTABLE INTELLECT SYSTEM FOUND IN HUMANS, A FLEXIBLE FORM OF INTELLIGENCE CAPABLE OF LEARNING HOW TO CARRY OUT TASKS, ANYTHING FROM HAIR CUTTING TO BUILDING SPREADSHEETS, OR TO REASON ABOUT A WIDE VARIETY OF TOPICS BASED ON ITS ACCUMULATED EXPERIENCE.

THIS IS THE SORT OF AI SEEN IN MOVIES LIKE TONY STARK'S ZAVRIS OR FRIEEDY WHICH DOES NOT EXIST TODAY. BUT AI EXPERTS ARE WORKING HARD TO MAKE THAT AGI ( ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE ) TRUE.

A SURVEY CONDUCTED AMONG FOUR GROUPS OF EXPERTS IN 2012/13 BY AI RESEARCHES REPORTED THAT A 50% CHANCE THAT ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE WOULD BE DEVELOPED BETWEEN 2040-50. RISING TO 90% BY 2075. THE GROUP WENT EVER FURTHER, PREDICTING THAT SO-CALLED SUPPER INTELLIGENCE WHICH IS DEFINED BY "ANY INTELLECT THAT GREATLY EXCEEDS THE CONGESTIVE PERFORMANCE OF HUMANS IN VIRALLY ALL DOMAINS OF INTEREST"- IS EXPECTED SOME 30 YEARS AFTER THE ACHIEVEMENT OF AGI.

WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING?

THERE IS A BROAD BODY OF RESEARCH IN AI, MUCH OF WHICH FEEDS INTO LARGE DATA AND COMPLEMENTS EACH OTHER. CURRENTLY ENJOYING SOMETHING OF A RESURGENCE, MACHINE LEARNING IS WHERE A COMPUTER SYSTEM IS FED A LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA, WHICH IT THEN USES TO LEARN HOW TO CARRY OUT A SPECIFIC TASK, SUCH AS UNDERSTANDING SPEECH OR CAPTIONING A PHOTOGRAPH

WHAT ARE NEURAL NETWORK?

KEY TO THE PROCESS OF MACHINE LEARNING ARE NEURAL NETWORKS. THESE ARE BRAIN INSPIRED NETWORKS INTERCORRECTED LAYERS OF ALGORITHMS, CALLED NEURONES, THAT FEED DATA INTO EACH OTHER AND WHICH CAN BE TRAINED TO CARRY OUT SPECIFIC TASKS BY MODIFYING THE IMPORTANCE ATTRIBUTED TO INPUT DATA AS IT PASSED BETWEEN THE LAYERS. DURING TRAINING OF THESE NEURONES, THE WEIGHTS ATTACHED TO DIFFERENT INPUTS WILL CONTINUE TO VARRIED UNTIL OUTPUT FROM THE NEURAL NETWORK IS VERY CLOSE TO WHAT IS DESIRED, AT WHICH POINT THE NETWORK IS CALLED LEARNED HOW TO CARRY OUT PARTICULAR TASK.

HOW AN AI LEARNS?

SUPERVISED LEARNING:-THE LEARNING ALGORITHM IS GIVEN LABELED DATA AND THE DESIRED OUTPUT. FOR EXAMPLE, PICTURE OF DOGS LABELLED "DOG" WILL HELP THE ALGORITHM IDENTIFY THE RULES TO CLASSIFY PICTURES OF DOGS

UNSUPERVISED LEARNING:- THE DATA GIVEN TO THE LEARNING ALGORITHM IS ASKED TO IDENTIFY PATTERNS IN THE INPUT DATA. FOR EXAMPLE, THE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM OF AN E-COMMERCE WEBSITE DISCOVERS SIMILAR ITEMS THAT YOU BOUGHT EARLIER. LIKE AMAZON, FLIPKART.

REINFORCED LEARNING:-THE ALGORITHM INTERACTS WITH DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT THAT PROVIDES FEEDBACK IN TR=ERMS OF REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS, FOR EXAMPLE, SELF DRIVING CARS BEING REWARDED TO STAY ON THE ROAD.

CONCLUSION:-

ALTHOUGH AI IS AN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR MAN AND MANKIND THERE ARE ALSO SOME RISKS REGARDING AI.

SUCH AS;

1. MAN WORKERS WILL LOOSE THERE JOB AS AI ROBOTS WILL TAKE OVER.

2.AS IT IS ALL RELATED TO INTERNET AND REMOTE ACCESS...HACKER WILL GET MORE ADVANTAGE AND MAY CREATE A HUGE DAMAGE.

3. CYBERSECURITY MAY BE AT RISK.

4. IT MAY AFFECTS THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF 3RD WORLD COUNTRIES.

Prof Stephen Hawking, one of Britain's pre-eminent scientists, has said that efforts to create thinking machines pose a threat to our very existence.

He told the BBC: "The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race."

BUT AFTER ALL, SCIENCE IS ALWAYS A BLESS TO MANKIND WHEN IT IS USED PROPERLY...SO AI WILL DEFINITELY START A NEW ERA OF TECHNOLOGY

SHARE YOUR THOUGHT IN COMMENT SECTION....

THANKS FOR READING..STAY HAPPY STAY COOL.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE